Brachycephalic obstructive airway syndrome (BOAS)
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Brachycephalic obstructive airway syndrome (BOAS)
Published 10 February 2023
- Ladlow, J. et al (2018) Brachycephalic obstructive airway syndrome. Veterinary Record, 182 (13), pp. 375-378. https://doi.org/10.1136/vr.k1403
- Krainer, D. and Dupré, G. (2022) Brachycephalic obstructive airway syndrome. Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice, 52 (3), pp. 749-780. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cvsm.2022.01.013
- Packer, R.M.A. et al. (2015) Impact of facial conformation on canine health: brachycephalic obstructive airway syndrome. PLoS ONE, 10 (10), p. e0137496 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0137496
- Liu, N.C. et al. (2017) Conformational risk factors of brachycephalic obstructive airway syndrome (BOAS) in pugs, French bulldogs, and bulldogs. PLoS ONE, 12 (8), p. e0181928. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0181928
- Oechtering, G.U. et al. (2016) A novel approach to brachycephalic syndrome. 1. Evaluation of anatomical intranasal airway obstruction. Veterinary Surgery, 45 (2), pp. 165-172. https://doi.org/10.1111/vsu.12446
- O’Neill, D.G. et al. (2015) Epidemiological associations between brachycephaly and upper respiratory tract disorders in dogs attending veterinary practices in England. Canine Genetics and Epidemiology, 2 (1), no. 10. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40575-015-0023-8
- Haimel, G. and Dupré, G. (2015) Brachycephalic airway syndrome: a comparative study between pugs and French bulldogs. Journal of Small Animal Practice, 56 (12), pp. 714-719. https://doi.org/10.1111/jsap.12408
UFAW Animal Welfare Information:
- Genetic welfare problems of companion animal. French Bulldog: Brachycephalic Obstructive Airway Syndrome (BOAS) [UFAW][online]. Available from: https://www.ufaw.org.uk/dogs/french-bulldog-brachycephalic-airway-obstruction-syndrome-baos [Accessed 8 February 2023]
- Genetic welfare problems of companion animal. English Bulldog: Brachycephalic Obstructive Airway Syndrome (BOAS) [UFAW][online]. Available from: https://www.ufaw.org.uk/dogs/english-bulldog-brachycephalic-airway-obstruction-syndrome-baos [Accessed 8 February 2023]
- Genetic welfare problems of companion animal. Pug: Brachycephalic Obstructive Airway Syndrome (BOAS) [UFAW][online]. Available from: https://www.ufaw.org.uk/dogs/pug-brachycephalic-airway-obstruction-syndrome [Accessed 8 February 2023]
- Genetic welfare problems of companion animal. Boston Terrier: Brachycephalic Obstructive Airway Syndrome (BOAS) [UFAW][online]. Available from: https://www.ufaw.org.uk/dogs/boston-terrier-brachycephalic-airway-obstruction-syndrome [Accessed 8 February 2023]
- Genetic welfare problems of companion animal. Pekingese: Brachycephalic Obstructive Airway Syndrome (BOAS) [UFAW][online]. Available from: https://www.ufaw.org.uk/dogs/pekingese-brachycephalic-airway-obstruction-syndrome [Accessed 8 February 2023]
- Genetic welfare problems of companion animal. Shar Pei: Brachycephalic Obstructive Airway Syndrome (BOAS) [UFAW][online]. Available from: https://www.ufaw.org.uk/dogs/shar-pei-brachycephalic-airway-obstruction-syndrome [Accessed 8 February 2023]
- Genetic welfare problems of companion animal. Shih Tzu: Brachycephalic Obstructive Airway Syndrome (BOAS) [UFAW][online]. Available from: https://www.ufaw.org.uk/dogs/shih-tzu-brachycephalic-airway-obstruction-syndrome [Accessed 8 February 2023]
Grading and severity
Published 12 February 2023
- Ladlow, J. (2021) Brachycephalic obstructive airway syndrome: guide to the respiratory functional grading scheme. In Practice, 43 (10), pp. 548-555. https://doi.org/10.1002/inpr.149
- Lilja-Maula, L. et al (2017) Comparison of submaximal exercise test results and severity of brachycephalic obstructive airway syndrome in English bulldogs. The Veterinary Journal, 219, pp. 22-26. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tvjl.2016.11.019
- Riggs, J. et al. (2019) Validation of exercise testing and laryngeal auscultation for grading brachycephalic obstructive airway syndrome in pugs, French bulldogs, and English bulldogs by using whole‐body barometric plethysmography. Veterinary Surgery, 48 (4), pp. 488-496. https://doi.org/10.1111/vsu.13159
- Liu, N.C. et al. (2016) Whole‐body barometric plethysmography characterizes upper airway obstruction in 3 brachycephalic breeds of dogs. Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine, 30 (3), pp. 853-865. https://doi.org/10.1111/jvim.13933
- Liu, N.C. (2015) Characterisation of brachycephalic obstructive airway syndrome in French bulldogs using whole-body barometric plethysmography. PLoS ONE, 10 (6), p. e0130741. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0130741
Outcomes of surgery
Published 10 February 2023
- Seneviratne, M., Kaye, B.M. and Ter Haar, G. (2020) Prognostic indicators of short‐term outcome in dogs undergoing surgery for brachycephalic obstructive airway syndrome. Veterinary Record, 187 (10), p. 403. https://doi.org/10.1136/vr.105624
- Ree, J.J. et al. ( 2016) Factors associated with major complications in the short-term postoperative period in dogs undergoing surgery for brachycephalic airway syndrome. The Canadian Veterinary Journal, 57 (9), pp. 976-980. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4982570/
- Tarricone, J. et al. (2019) Development and validation of a brachycephalic risk (BRisk) score to predict the risk of complications in dogs presenting for surgical treatment of brachycephalic obstructive airway syndrome. Veterinary Surgery, 48 (7), pp. 1253-1261. https://doi.org/10.1111/vsu.13291
- Torrez, C.V. and Hunt, G.B. (2006) Results of surgical correction of abnormalities associated with brachycephalic airway obstruction syndrome in dogs in Australia. Journal of Small Animal Practice, 47 (3), pp.150-154. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-5827.2006.00059.x
- Liu, N.C. et al. (2017) Outcomes and prognostic factors of surgical treatments for brachycephalic obstructive airway syndrome in 3 breeds. Veterinary Surgery, 46 (2), pp. 271-280. https://doi.org/10.1111/vsu.12608
- Mercurio, A. (2011) Complications of upper airway surgery in companion animals. Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice, 41 (5), pp.969-980. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cvsm.2011.05.016
- Hughes, J.R. et al. (2018) Complications following laryngeal sacculectomy in brachycephalic dogs. Journal of Small Animal Practice, 59 (1), pp. 16-21. https://doi.org/10.1111/jsap.12763
- Cantatore, M. et al. (2012) Medium term endoscopic assessment of the surgical outcome following laryngeal saccule resection in brachycephalic dogs. Veterinary Record, 170 (20), p. 518. https://doi.org/10.1136/vr.100289
- Lindsay, B. et al. (2020) Brachycephalic airway syndrome: management of post‐operative respiratory complications in 248 dogs. Australian Veterinary Journal, 98 (5), pp. 173-180. https://doi.org/10.1111/avj.12926
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